Why Do My Ankles Swell? Causes and Solutions

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Swollen ankles can be uncomfortable and sometimes alarming.
While occasional swelling may not be a big concern, persistent or severe swelling could signal an underlying health issue.
If you are wondering, “Why do my ankles swell?” here are some of the most common causes and what you can do about them.
Common Causes of Swollen Ankles
1. Standing or Sitting for Long Periods
Sitting or standing for too long can cause fluid to accumulate in your lower legs due to gravity.
This is common if you have a sedentary job or if you have been on your feet all day.
Solution:
Take breaks to walk around and stretch every hour
Elevate your legs when resting
Wear compression socks to improve circulation
2. Injury or Sprain
Ankle injuries, such as sprains or fractures, can cause swelling due to inflammation and fluid buildup.
Even minor injuries can lead to noticeable swelling.
Solution:
Follow the R.I.C.E. method: Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation
Avoid putting pressure on the affected ankle
Seek medical attention if swelling is severe or accompanied by bruising and pain
3. Water Retention (Edema)
Edema occurs when excess fluid gets trapped in your tissues, leading to swollen ankles and feet.
This can happen due to diet, lifestyle, or an underlying medical condition.
Solution:
Reduce salt intake, as high sodium levels can lead to water retention
Stay hydrated to help flush out excess fluids
Engage in regular physical activity to improve circulation
4. Pregnancy
Swelling in the ankles is common during pregnancy due to increased blood volume and hormonal changes that affect circulation.
The growing uterus also puts pressure on veins, causing fluid buildup.
Solution:
Avoid standing for long periods
Elevate your legs whenever possible
Stay hydrated and eat a balanced diet
5. Heart Disease
Swelling in the ankles can be a sign of heart-related conditions, such as congestive heart failure.
When the heart is not pumping efficiently, fluid can build up in the lower extremities.
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Other Symptoms to Watch For:
Shortness of breath
Fatigue
Chest pain
Solution:
If swelling is persistent and accompanied by these symptoms, seek medical attention immediately
Follow a heart-healthy diet low in salt and saturated fats
Maintain regular exercise as recommended by your doctor
6. Kidney or Liver Problems
Both kidney and liver diseases can lead to fluid retention, causing swollen ankles.
The kidneys help regulate fluid balance, and when they are not functioning properly, swelling can occur.
Liver disease can also cause fluid buildup due to decreased protein production.
Solution:
Monitor other symptoms like fatigue, jaundice (yellowing of the skin), or changes in urination
Limit alcohol consumption
Consult a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment
7. Medication Side Effects
Certain medications can cause swelling as a side effect.
Common culprits include:
Blood pressure medications
Steroids
Hormonal birth control
Antidepressants
Solution:
Talk to your doctor if you suspect your medication is causing swelling
Do not stop any medication without medical advice
Adjust lifestyle habits to improve circulation
8. Blood Clots
A blood clot in the leg (deep vein thrombosis, or DVT) can cause one-sided ankle swelling, pain, and redness.
This is a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention.
Other Symptoms to Watch For:
Warmth in the affected area
Sudden pain that worsens with movement
Difficulty walking
Solution:
Seek emergency medical help if you suspect a blood clot
Avoid prolonged periods of immobility, especially during long flights or car rides
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Stay active and hydrated
When to See a Doctor
While mild swelling may not be concerning, you should seek medical attention if:
The swelling is sudden, severe, or painful
It is only affecting one ankle
You have additional symptoms like shortness of breath, chest pain, or fever
The swelling does not improve with rest and elevation
Final Thoughts
Swollen ankles can result from simple lifestyle factors like prolonged standing or more serious conditions like heart disease or blood clots.
Identifying the cause can help you take the right steps to reduce swelling and protect your health.
If you are unsure or your symptoms persist, consulting a doctor is always a good idea.
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